Frequency-Modulated Sine Wave Generator

Center Frequency (f₀ in Hz):

Frequency Spread (df in Hz):

Modulation Frequency (ω in rad/s):

Equation Used for Sound Generation

s(t) = sin(2π f₀ t + (2π df/ω) sin(ω t))

which is equivalent to a time‐varying instantaneous frequency of
f(t) = f₀ + df · cos(ω · t)